A circular over-skirt is plain at the top and ripples at the bottom.
Fig. L represents two over-skirts, the top one being even all around, the under one being pointed on the front, the point being on the center line. Observe X and O on this skirt. As the skirt is shorter on the sides than in front, O is very much higher than X. Note the guide fines for the bottom of the over-skirt and of the under-skirt, where it runs up to the waist.
THE RUFFLED SKIRT
Ruffles are hard for a beginner to draw, there being no special rule to go by. They must be graceful, and full or scant as required.
A ruffle which is very full will stick out at the bottom and expose the under part. (See the ruffle at the top of the Lesson Plate.)
On a very full ruffle you will occasionally observe a set form, but if repeated too often the effect will be a row of autumn leaves or sea shells.
Note the set form marked by the arrow. On each side of this form two XX lines
curve out, the goods being gathered in at the top. The form is narrower where sewed on than at the bottom. Notice the under part of this set form, the lines being somewhat the same as the lines of an over-skirt.
In between these set forms the line of the bottom of the ruffle waves in and out, the set form being nearer to you than the wavy part.
All lines for the fullness must look as if they were pulled together at the top of the ruffle. The lines XX at the right side curve out to the right, and on the left side they curve out to the left.
A scant ruffle will have somewhat the appearance of the bottom of a full skirt, but the XX lines are more curved than the skirt lines. Materials like taffeta, calico, etc., which are stiff and heavy, will have rounding lines like the ruffle at the top of the lesson plate. Tulle, which is stiff but thin, will have lines which are straighter and sharper. (See Example.)
Draw the ruffle at the top of the page, and when you are convinced that you can do this satisfactorily, draw Fig. M.
After placing X's and O's for the bottom line, draw guide lines the width of the ruffle on which place the ruffle.