DRAWING ANIMALS
Curved Lines are best adapted for representing the forms of animals of all kinds. It is next to impossible to find even an approximately rigid, straight line in the outline of any living animal. In fact, outside of the plumb-line sometimes formed by the spider and the horizontal line where land and sky apparently meet. Nature seldom employs a straight line.


The Horse. The body and legs of a horse viewed from the side will be found enclosed in a square space as seen in A, B, C, D, in the diagram. The added triangulation will assist in describing the proportions of the head; the length of the head being about three-fourths of one of the four squares formed in the main square A, B, C, D. Observe a horizontal line cutting the main square in equal portions will just touch the elbow of the near fore leg.

The Cow. A square the same height as the distance from the ground to the top of the head will be found to include the body and legs. About one-half added to its width will

give a parallelogram that will include the whole animal. The angles in the triangulated diagram will assist in making the drawing in correct proportions.
Dogs vary so much in breed, etc., that no exact proportions can be given. Examples will be found in the chapter on Pen Drawing that will serve as examples to copy.