In shading a landscape, a clear sky may be represented by drawing horizontal lines so that they will join or blend together, but the joining should not be perceptible. Masses of foliage may be shaded in a similar manner, except that the strokes forming them are less elongated and the pencil may have a more blunt point.
Curved Lines for Clouds. In shading clouds, slightly curved, parallel lines may be used to advantage, and, where deeper accents of the shadows are to be indicated, these curved lines may be crossed by a second series of parallel lines.
While there is no set rule or rules relating to the direction of tone or shade lines, a very good line of practice is to shade an entire drawing with nearly all lines running in the same direction. (See Fig. 5.)
Lines that Indicate Distance. In drawings made with closely drawn lines, parallel or otherwise to convey the impression of tints or tones the following may be considered as almost a rule, namely; the greater the distance of the object, the lighter the lines that represent it. Reversely, the nearer the object the heavier the lines by which it is represented. As an example. Fig. i represents the rule. The clouds, being considered the most distant, were drawn with light lines much lighter than they appear in the printed reproduction

The mountains, being somewhat less distant, were drawn with slightly less weakness of line. The bridge, the trees just beyond, and the houses all in the middle distance, were lined with more broad lines than in the cloud or mountain. Nearer, in the approaching foreground, the tree and house at the left, the lines are seen to be coarser still and aid in giving
a sense of nearness. The detail of the sailboat, even its reflection, everything, in fact, in the immediate foreground was drawn with strong, vigorous treatment.
Fig. I is an example that is a little more ambitious in its character than those preceding it. and may tax the ability of those who have not made considerable progress. The central point of interest is the sailboat, which has been treated with considerable strength in the way of intensely black lines, which are supplemented by the dark reflections in the water. The background is treated in light, close lines that contrast purposely with the freedom and boldness of the lines in the foreground.
Finder for Nature Drawing. Cut out the center from an oblong of cardboard as shown in Fig. 2. Hold it either vertically or horizontally as a picture frame at arm's length and select what to draw by moving the frame from side to side or up and down. Then draw what appears within.
