LESSON XIV
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE HEAD
THE FULL FRONT HEAD
Head No. 1 is a view directly in front, in a perfectly straight position. The placing of the features was given in Lesson XIII. The ears are between the eyebrows and the nose.
After drawing the center lines and the cross guide lines at the correct distances, draw the features. Remember that there is the space of an eye between the eyes, and the space of half an eye between the eye and the edge of the face. Be careful to make the eyes mates and have them set the same under the lids.
In the three-quarter view, the far eye might be a trifle smaller, but never larger. Try to keep them the same size.
The clavicle (C), or collar bone, extends from the pit of the neck (PN), to where the arm joins the body. It slants slightly backward, which shows that the chest is well forward from the shoulders. The lines of the neck extend from the ears to the middle of these bones.
The sterno mastoid muscle (M) runs from the ears to the pit of the neck. In the front view of the neck this muscle gives the neck a slight outward curve. In the front view the cheek bone is not as apparent as in the three-quarter view.
The line of the outline of the face, from the ear, descends, slanting inward to the jaw bone, then in again quite prominently to the chin, which runs straight across. The head fits on the neck at the ears, but seen in this position it appears opposite the jaw bone.
The trapezius muscle (TZ) is on the shoulders, fitting on the clavicle in front
and extending down the back in the shape of a V. The general direction from the ear to the shoulder curves in, but remember that TZ curves out, as do all the muscles of the body.
Head No. 2 is tipped backward, also sideways, consequently one sees under the chin and loses the top of the head. The further back the head is thrown, the more pronounced this is. See Head No. 3. A head in this position causes the construction lines to curve up. The more the head is thrown back, the more the lines curve and the closer together they appear. The neck appears longer as one views more of it.